Effects of distraction on pain, fear, and distress during venous port access and venipuncture in children andAdolescents with cancer

This study evaluates the effect of self-selected distracters (ie, bubbles, I Spy: Super Challenger book, music table, virtual reality glasses, or handheld video games) on pain, fear and distress in 50 children and adolescents with cancer, ages 5 to 18, with port access or vempuncture. Using an intervention-comparison group design, participants were randomized to the comparison group (n 28) to receive standard care or intervention group (n 22) to receive distraction plus standard care. All participants rated their pain and fear, parents rated participantfear and the nurse rated participantfear and distress at 3 points in time: before, during, and after port access or venipuncture. Results show that seif-reported pain andfear were significantly correlated (P =.0/) within treatment groups but not significantly different between groups. Intervention participants demonstrated significantly lessfear (P <.001) and distress (P =.03) as rated by the nurse and approached significantly lessfear (P =.07) as rated by the parent. All intervention parents said the needlestick was better because of the distracter The authors conclude that distraction has the potential to reduce fear and distress during port access and venipuncture.