Journal
CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
Volume 21, Issue 12, Pages 2249-2257Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9648-9
Keywords
Prostate cancer; Phytoestrogens; Urinary excretion; Case-control study
Funding
- Planning Institute of Jamaica
- University of the West Indies (Mona), Jamaica
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We evaluated the relationship of spot urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens with total prostate cancer and tumor grade in a hospital-based case-control study in Jamaica. Urine samples were analyzed for genistein, daidzein, equol (isoflavones), and enterolactone (lignan) among newly diagnosed cases (n = 175) and controls (n = 194). Urinary concentrations of enterolactone (lignan) were higher among cases. There were no significant differences in median concentrations of isoflavone excretion. Compared with nonproducers of equol (reference tertile), men who produced equol were at decreased risk of total prostate cancer (tertile 2: OR, 0.42; CI, 0.23-0.75) (tertile 3: OR, 0.48; CI, 0.26-0.87) (p(trend), 0.020) and high-grade disease (tertile 2: OR, 0.31; CI, 0.15-0.61) (tertile 3: OR, 0.29; CI, 0.13-0.60) (p(trend), 0.001). Higher concentrations of enterolactone were positively related to total prostate cancer (OR, 1.85; CI, 1.01-3.44; p(trend), 0.027) as well as high-grade disease (OR, 2.46; CI, 1.11-5.46; p(trend), 0.023). There were no associations between urinary excretion of genistein and daidzein with risk of prostate cancer. Producers of equol (isoflavone) may be at reduced risk of total-and high-grade prostate cancer whereas enterolactone may increase the likelihood of disease.
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