Journal
CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
Volume 20, Issue 10, Pages 1821-1835Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9375-2
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals; Cancer; Pharmacoepidemiology
Funding
- National Cancer Institute. [R01 098838]
- Kaiser Foundation Research Institute from Eli Lilly, Inc.
- Genomic Health, Inc.
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To screen commonly used prescription drugs for possible carcinogenic effects. In a large health care program we identified 105 commonly used drugs, not previously screened. Recipients were followed for up to 12A1/2A years for incident cancer. Nested case-control analyses of 55 cancer sites and all combined included up to ten matched controls per case, with lag of at least 2 years between drug dispensing and cancer. Positive associations entailed a relative risk of 1.50, with p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01 and higher risk for three or more, than for one prescription. Evaluation included further analyses, searches of the literature, and clinical judgment. There were 101 associations of interest for 61 drugs. Sixty-six associations were judged to have involved substantial confounding. We found evidence that of the remaining 35, the following associations may not be due to chance: sulindac with gallbladder cancer and leukemia, hyoscyamine with nonHodgkin lymphoma, nortriptyline with esophageal and hepatic cancer, oxazepam with lung cancer, both fluoxetine and paroxetine with testicular cancer, hydrochlorothiazide with renal and lip cancer, and nifedipine with lip cancer. These preliminary findings suggest that further studies are indicated regarding sulindac, hyoscyamine, nortriptyline, oxazepam, fluoxetine, paroxetine, hydrochlorothiazide, and nifedipine.
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