Journal
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
Volume 42, Issue 9, Pages 794-804Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20657
Keywords
lung development; surfactant; rat lung; respiration; comparative biology; endotherm; mammals; birds; lipidomics
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Lung surfactant comprises mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) species together with phosphatidylglycerols and surfactant proteins (SP) SP-A to-D. Changes in the concentrations of its principal components dipaimitoyl-PC, pal mitoylmyristoyl-PC, palmitoylpalmitoleoyl-PC relative to developmental, structural and physiological differences are only partially understood. their attribution to differences in air-liquid interface curvature, compared with dynamic parameters, such as respiratory rate, are controversial. We postulated that during alveolarization the changes in these principal PC components of surfactant differ from those in other phospholipid parameters, and that across endothermic vertebrates their concentrations are related to lung physiology rather than structure. We therefore investigated in rats from postnatal day (d)1 to c142 the pattern of surfactant phospholipids relative to alveolarization (d4-d14), and we discuss these changes in terms of molecular adaptation to pulmonary structure or physiology. Contrary to mammals with advanced alveolarization and increased respiratory rate (RR) at term, concentrations of dipalmitoyl-PC (49-52%) and palmitoylmyristoyl-PC (7-9%) in lung lavage fluid were identical at d1 and d42. At d7-d14, when in rats RR is increased, palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC transiently increased by 2.5- to 3.9-fold at the expense of dipaimitoyl-PC (-32% to 34%) and palmitoylpalmitoleoyl-PC (-16%). Other lipidomic changes followed essentially different patterns of increase or decrease. Palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC was increased in large aggregates suggesting that it is an integral component of active surfactant. In the overall context of vertebrates, irrespective of age and lung structure, fractions of palmitoyl-myristoyl-PC, dipalmitoyl-PC and palmitoylpalmitoleoyl-PC correlate with differences in RR rather than alveolar curvature. In adult mammals, however, only concentrations of palmitoyl-palmitoleoyl-PC correlate with RR.
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