Disulfides, imines, and metal coordination within a single system: Interplay between three dynamic equilibria

We report a system in which three distinct dynamic linkages, disulfide (S-S), imine (C=N), and coordinative (N -> metal) bonds were shown to be capable of simultaneous reversible exchange. The disulfide layer of the system under study consists of two homo-disulfides, bis(4-aminophenyl) disulfide 1 and bis(4-methoxyphenyl) disulfide 2 that equilibrate in the presence of catalytic amount of triethylamine to favor the formation of a hetero-disulfide product, 4-aminophenyl-methoxyphenyl disulfide 3. The addition of 2-formylpyridine and a metal salt strongly perturbed this 1+ 2=3 equilibrium through the formation of metal complexes incorporating disulfide 1 as a subcomponent. Cut perturbed the equilibrium by a factor of 3.3, and Fe-II by a factor of 179, in both cases in favor of the homo-disulfides. The disulfide equilibrium could be further modified, following metal-complex formation, by coordinative (transmetallation: substitution of Fe-II for Cu-I) or covalent (imine exchange: the substitution of one amine residue for another) exchange. Thus, although the three kinds of dynamic linkages were demonstrated to be mutually compatible, changes at one kind of linkage could be used to predictably perturb an equilibrium involving another.