Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 13, Issue 17, Pages 4710-4722Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700188
Keywords
aldol reaction; ball milling; organocatalysis; proline; solvent-free
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Anti-aldol products with up to >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) have been obtained by proline catalysis in excellent yields under experimentally simple solvent-free conditions. Efficient mixing of all the components is accomplished by applying a mechanochemical technique (ball milling). The catalysis is air and moisture tolerant and can be performed with non-purified starting materials. Even mixtures of solely solid compounds react, giving (mostly solid) products through a partially homogeneous (honey-like) intermediate melt. Since the reactant ratio is almost 1:1 (avoiding the common excess of ketone), the product isolation is easy leading to high aldol product yields.
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