Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 9, Issue 33, Pages 4639-4652Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/b703707d
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We review the strong field (10(13) - 10(16) W cm(-2)) laser excitation of metal clusters (Cd-N, Ag-N and Pb-N) embedded in He nanodroplets. Plasmon enhanced ionization obtained by stretching the laser pulses to several hundreds of femtoseconds or by using dual pulses with a suitable optical delay leads to a Coulomb explosion of highly charged atomic ions. The charging dynamics can be well described by corresponding semiclassical Vlasov simulations. The influence of the He environment on the ionization process and on the final charge distribution is discussed. Evidence is found that He2+ is generated in collisions with highly charged metal ions. In contrast, singly and doubly charged ions with low recoil energies induce the formation of He snowballs with a distinct shell structure around the ion. Laser intensity thresholds for snowball formation and for the ionization of clusters are investigated by applying intensity selective scanning.
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