Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 81, Issue 3, Pages 599-606Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0906544
Keywords
immune cells; inflammation; cytokine; neuromodulator; 5-HT receptors; nicotinic cholinergic receptors
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Nicotine and serotonin modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses and the inflammatory states. Several nicotinic cholinergic and serotonergic receptor subtypes have been characterized in B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The use of knockout mice has allowed a better characterization of nicotinic receptors and their role in antiinflammatory processes in these cells. Cytokines play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory reactions. Nicotine and serotonin have been reported to regulate cytokine release. Cholinergic mechanisms also play an important role in inflammation through endogenous acetylcholine. Nicotine mimics this effect by activating the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathways. New concepts of reciprocal interactions between nicotine and serotonin are emerging. The, role of nicotine as an anti-inflammatory agent has been established, whereas that of serotonin remains more controversial.
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