Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 85, Issue 1, Pages 60-65Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.60
Keywords
monocytes; inflammation; tumor necrosis factor alpha; interleukin 6; glycemic index; insulin; glucose; triacylglycerols; obesity; carbohydrates
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL71488, HL55667] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL055667, R01HL071488] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Background: Recent data show that atherosclerosis is initiated and perpetuated by inflammatory events. Activation of immune cells such as monocytes initiates inflammation, a key step in atherosclerosis. Objective: We hypothesize that a high-glycemic load meal activates inflammatory cells, and that this is mediated by elevated circulating triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Design: Sixteen women [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 25.7-29.6], aged 20 - 48 y, consumed meals with a high or a low glycemic load in a crossover fashion. Blood samples were collected before and up to 8 It after the meals. Samples were measured for glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, and circulating cytokines, and expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL- 1 beta) was measured by flow cytometry. Results: At 3.5 h after the test meals, we observed a significant increase in monocytes expressing TNF-a with both high- and low-glycemic load meals. Also, expression of IL-10 in monocytes tended to increase, but the change was not significant. The glycemic load of the meal did not influence circulating cytokines and had only a minimal effect on postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations despite marked postprandial changes in glycemia and circulating insulin concentrations. Conclusions: In the postprandial state, monocytes can be activated by both high- and low-glycemic load meals. The glycemic load of a single meal did not have a significant effect on the degree of activation of the monocytes in women who displayed only a modest increase in circulating triacylglycerols in response to test meals. Future studies should examine the effect of glycemic load in subjects who have a hyperlipemic response to dietary carbohydrate.
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