Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 292, Issue 1, Pages G6-G10Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2006
Keywords
CATERPILLER; nucleotide-binding domain; leucin-rich repeat; toll-like receptor; class II transactivator; leucin-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
Categories
Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-11] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [P30DK040561] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The innate immune system includes microbial pattern recognition receptors that detect bacteria and viral products at the cell surface, in vesicles, and within the cytoplasm. Transmembrane signaling occurs through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Cytoplasmic receptors are generally members of the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family (CATERPILLER family). They influence the effects of other family members and of TLRs. Most NOD-LRR members enhance signal transduction, but Monarch-1 counterbalances TLR activity. NOD-LRR family members also act within the adaptive immune system. The class II transactivator regulates major histocompatibility complex class II expression. In the intestine, it is developmentally regulated, and its expression depends on weaning and, independently, on age.
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