Electrochemically fabricated nanoelectrode ensembles for glucose biosensors

Novel glucose oxidase (GO(X)) sensor arrays with nanoelectrode population densities of up to 1 X 10(10)/cm(2) nanoelectrodes are reported. These nanoelectrode sensors, polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers containing entrapped GOx, were fabricated via a two-step process, which consisted of an electroadsorption of GO(X) followed by an electrochemical codeposition of PPy with GO(X) within the nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. It was found by SEM observation that GO(X) could intercalate in PPy nanofibers, especially in the region close to their side surface. The GO(X)/PPy nanofiber array electrode demonstrates a good biocatalytic activity to glucose with an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K-M(app)) of 5.7 mM and a response time of about 15 s. The PPy/GO(X) nanofiber array electrode may have potential applications in monitoring and diagnostic tests in practical use in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.