Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages 712-724Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/2095
Keywords
angiogenesis; apoptosis; cytokine; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; growth factor; inflammation; neurogenesis; neuroprotection; plasticity; stem cell; stroke; review
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD43120] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS43338, NS45694] Funding Source: Medline
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD043120] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS045694, R01NS043338] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a growth factor which stimulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells. G-CSF is being used extensively in clinical practice to accelerate recovery of patients from neutropenia after cytotoxic therapy. However, growing evidences have suggested that G-CSF has important non-hematopoietic functions in central nervous system. Recent studies have shown the presence of G-CSF/G-CSF-receptor (G-CSFR) system in the brain, and their roles in neuroprotection and neural tissue repair as well as improvement in functional recovery. The increased expression of G-CSF/G-CSFR on neurons subjected to hypoxia provides evidence that GCSF may have an autrocrine protective signaling mechanism in response to neural injury. G-CSF exerts neuroprotective actions through the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation and the stimulation of neurogenesis. Moreover, G-CSF has been shown to mobilize bone marrow stem cells into the injured brain improving neural plasticity. In this review, we summarize some of the recent studies on G-CSF and the corresponding signal transduction pathways regulated by G-CSF in neuroprotection.
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