Journal
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
Volume 36, Issue 9, Pages 690-699Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000222
Keywords
preterm; outcomes; behavior problems; social competence; infant
Funding
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) Programme [RP-PG-0407-10029]
- Department of Health's NIHR Biomedical Research Centres funding scheme at UCLH/UCL
- National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) [RP-PG-0407-10029] Funding Source: National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR)
- National Institute for Health Research [RP-PG-0407-10029] Funding Source: researchfish
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Objective:To assess behavioral outcomes and social competence at 2 years of age in infants born late and moderately preterm (LMPT; 32-36 wk gestation).Method:One thousand one hundred and thirty LMPT infants and 1255 term-born (37 wk) controls were recruited at birth to a prospective geographical population-based study. Parents completed the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) at 2 years corrected age to assess infants' behavior problems and social competence. Cognitive development was assessed using the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised. Parent questionnaires at 2 years were completed for 638 (57%) LMPT and 765 (62%) term-born infants. Group differences in the prevalence of behavior problems and delayed social competence between LMPT infants and term-born controls were adjusted for age, sex, small-for-gestational-age, socioeconomic status and cognitive impairment.Results:Late and moderately preterm infants were at significantly increased risk of delayed social competence compared with term-born controls (26.4% vs 18.4%; adjusted-relative risk [RR] 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58), but there was no significant group difference in the prevalence of behavior problems (21.0% vs 17.6%; adjusted-RR 1.13, 0.89-1.42). Non-white ethnicity (RR 1.68, 1.26-2.24), medium (RR 1.60, 1.14-2.24) and high (RR 1.98, 1.41-2.75) socioeconomic risk and recreational drug use during pregnancy (RR 1.70, 1.03-2.82) were significant independent predictors of delayed social competence in LMPT infants.Conclusion:Birth at 32 to 36 weeks of gestation confers a specific risk for delayed social competence at 2 years of age. This may be indicative of an increased risk for psychiatric disorders later in childhood.
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