Outcomes of Trauma Treatment Using the TARGET Model

In a randomized trial of a group intervention for co-occurring substance abuse and traumatic stress disorders Trauma Adaptive Recovery Group Education and Therapy (TARGET) was compared to traumasensitive usual care (TSU) with 213 clients in three adult outpatient clinics. Improvement at 6- and 12-month assessments occurred across conditions. TARGET was superior to TSU in maintaining sobriety self-efficacy. However, ethnic differences emerged. White TARGETparticipants reportedmore improvement than non-White participants on post-traumatic cognitions, and fewer non-White men reported relapses in TSU than in TARGET. TARGET appears to enhance sustained sobriety, but may require culturally specific adaptations.