Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 180, Issue 1, Pages 300-308Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.300
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Funding
- NIDCR NIH HHS [R37 DE008921, R01 DE009692] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL &CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH [R37DE008921, R01DE009692] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Patterns of change in cell volume and plasma membrane phospholipid distribution during cell death are regarded as diagnostic means of distinguishing apoptosis from necrosis, the former being associated with cell shrinkage and early phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, whereas necrosis is associated with cell swelling and consequent lysis. We demonstrate that cell volume regulation during lymphocyte death stimulated via the purinergic receptor P2X(7) is distinct from both. Within seconds of stimulation, murine lymphocytes undergo rapid shrinkage concomitant with, but also required for, PS exposure. However, within 2 min shrinkage is reversed and swelling ensues ending in cell rupture. P2X(7)-induced shrinkage and PS translocation depend upon K+ efflux via K(Ca)3.1, but use a pathway of Cl- efflux distinct from that previously implicated in apoptosis. Thus, P2X(7) stimulation activates a novel pathway of cell death that does not conform to those conventionally associated with apoptosis and necrosis. The mixed apoptotic/necrotic phenotype of P2X(7)-stimulated cells is consistent with a potential role for this death pathway in lupus disease.
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