Journal
BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
Volume 74, Issue 3, Pages 641-655Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00445-011-0550-4
Keywords
Aso volcano; Hot crater lake; Hydrothermal system; Groundwater; Volcanic tremor
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Funding
- Kyoto University [KAGI21]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22710171] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The first crater of Nakadake, peak of Aso volcano, Japan, contains a hot water lake that shows interesting variations in water level and temperature. These variations were discovered by precise, continuous observations of the lake independent of precipitation. We developed a numerical model of a hot crater lake and compared with observational data for the period from July 2006 to January 2009. The numerical model revealed seasonal changes in mass flux (75-132 kg/s) and enthalpy (1,840-3,030 kJ/kg) for the fluid supplied to the lake. The relation between the enthalpy and mass flux indicates that the bottom input fluid is a mixture of high- and low-temperature fluids. Assuming a mixture of high-temperature steam at 800A degrees C and liquid water at 100A degrees C, we evaluated the liquid and steam fluxes. The liquid water flux shows a seasonal increase lagging behind the rainy season by 2 months, suggesting that the liquid water is predominantly groundwater. The fluctuation pattern in the flux of the high-temperature steam shows a relation with the amplitude of volcanic tremor, suggesting that heating of the hydrothermal system drives the tremor. Consequently, precise observations of a hot crater lake represent a potential method of monitoring volcanic hydrothermal systems in the shallow parts of the volcanoes.
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