Journal
BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
Volume 102, Issue 2, Pages 867-872Publisher
SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1785/0120110227
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Funding
- Airforce Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9453-10-C-0263]
- U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
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Determining whether a seismic event is an earthquake, explosion, collapse, or something more complex can be done using regional (Delta < 13 degrees) intermediate-period (T > 10 s) full waveform moment tensors down to low magnitudes (M similar to 3.5). The moment tensor results can be improved for sparse station configurations when teleseismic (Delta > 30 degrees) array-based short-period (T < 1 s) P constraints are added. The inclusion of teleseismic-P aids in event discrimination because it samples the lower region of the focal-sphere, a region where intermediate-period waveforms recorded at the surface have low-sensitivity for shallow event depths. The teleseismic-P constraint is particularly useful in reducing the trade-off between a shallow explosion and a shallow volume-compensated linear-vector dipole with a vertical axis in compression. This trade-off can complicate discrimination. The teleseismic-P constraint is applied to the source-type analysis of the announced nuclear test of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on 25 May 2009, resulting in greater confidence in a dominantly explosive solution.
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