Infiltration into cropped soils : Effect of rain and sodium adsorption ratio-impacted irrigation water

The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and salinity criteria for water suitability for irrigation have been developed fro conditions where irrigation water is the only water source. It is not clear that these criteria are applicable to environments where there is a combination of rain and irrigation during the growing season. The interaction of rainfall with irrigation water is expected to result in increased sodicity hazard because of the low electrical conductivity of rain. In this study we examined the effects of irrigation waters of SAR 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mmol(1/2) L-1/2 and electrical conductivities of 1 and 2 dS m(-1) on the infiltration rate of two soils with alternating cycles of rain (simulated with a rainfall sprinkler) and irrigation water, seperated by drying cycles. The infilration rate if surface samples from two soils Kobase silty clay (fine, smectitic, frigid, Torrertic Haplustept) and Glendive very fine sandy loam (coarse loamy, mixed superactive, calcerous, frigid Aridic Ustifluvent) were evaluated under alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cropped conditions for over 140 d and under full canopy cover. Reduction in infiltration were observed for both soils for SAR above 2 and the reductions became more severe with increasing SAR Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurement taken from undisturbed cores at the end of the experiment were highly variable suggesting that in situ infiltration measurements may be preferred when evaluating SAR effects.