Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Volume 20, Issue 10, Pages 1301-1308Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02433.x
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Funding
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD046167] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Medical Research Council [G9817803B] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0500079, G19/2] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0500079, G0500079(73692), G19/2, G500079] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD46167, R01 HD046167] Funding Source: Medline
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The generalist genes hypothesis implies that general cognitive ability (g) is an essential target for understanding how genetic polymorphisms influence the development of the human brain. Using 8,791 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study, we examine genetic stability and change in the etiology of g assessed by diverse measures during the critical transition from early to middle childhood. The heritability of a latent g factor in early childhood is 23%, whereas shared environment accounts for 74% of the variance. In contrast, in middle childhood, heritability of a latent g factor is 62%, and shared environment accounts for 33%. Despite increasing importance of genetic influences and declining influence of shared environment, similar genetic and shared environmental factors affect g from early to middle childhood, as indicated by a cross-age genetic correlation of .57 and a shared environmental correlation of .65. These findings set constraints on how genetic and environmental variation affects the developing brain.
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