Three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring of materials by tightly focused laser radiation

Three-dimensional laser microfabrication blends microscopy, optical nonlinear phenomena, photomodification, laser trapping, and creates novel possibilities for fabrication of micro- and nano-structures in a wide range of materials. This work reviews various implementations of laser photo-structuring and micromanipulation applied to photo-modification of various materials: glasses, crystals, polymers, gels, and liquid crystals.