Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION
Volume 56, Issue -, Pages 179-184Publisher
UNIV TOKUSHIMA SCH MEDICINE
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.56.179
Keywords
water channel; water transport; kidney; salivary gland; epithelium
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Funding
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY013574] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL059198, R01HL073856] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R37EB000415] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [P30DK072517, R37DK035124] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY013574] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL073856, R01 HL059198] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R37 EB000415] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R37 DK035124, P30 DK072517] Funding Source: Medline
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Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane water channels that are involved in a diverse set of functions in mammalian physiology including epithelial fluid transport, brain water balance, cell migration, cell proliferation, neuroexcitation, fat metabolism, epidermal hydration, and others. Phenotype analysis of knockout mice has demonstrated an important role for AQPs in transepithelial fluid transport in kidney tubules, salivary and airway submucosal glands, choroid plexus and ciliary epithelium. The physiological functions of these epithelia, such as absorption of glomerular filtrate by proximal tubule and secretion of saliva by salivary gland, involve rapid transcellular water transport across epithelial cell barriers. Studies in knockout mice have also provided evidence that AQPs are not physiologically important in some epithelia where they are expressed, including lacrimal gland, sweat gland, gallbladder, alveoli and airways. Rates of transepithelial fluid transport per unit membrane surface area in these epithelia are substantially lower than transepithelial fluid transport rates in proximal tubule and salivary gland. Pharmacological inhibition of AQP water permeability in epithelia, with consequent reduced fluid transport, offers potential therapy for human diseases involving water imbalance such as congestive heart failure, hypertension and glaucoma.
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