Journal
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
Volume 82, Issue 4, Pages 399-404Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9616-1
Keywords
Agonistic activity; Nuclear receptor; Retinoic acid receptor; River water environment
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [20760362]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20760362] Funding Source: KAKEN
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A total of 16 water samples from four rivers in Japan were examined for their agonistic activities against five human nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] alpha, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, retinoic acid receptor [RAR] alpha, retinoid X receptor alpha, and vitamin D receptor) by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The results suggest that the river environment is contaminated with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interact with a variety of nuclear receptors and that contamination with those that have RAR agonistic activity may be more serious than contamination with well-known EDCs that act as ER agonists.
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