Journal
MEMORY
Volume 17, Issue 8, Pages 802-808Publisher
PSYCHOLOGY PRESS
DOI: 10.1080/09658210903130764
Keywords
Autobiographical memory; Emotion; Circumplex; Vector
Categories
Funding
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH066079, R01 MH066079-05] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH066079] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The intensity and valence of 30 emotion terms, 30 events typical of those emotions, and 30 autobiographical memories cued by those emotions were each rated by different groups of 40 undergraduates. A vector model gave a consistently better account of the data than a circumplex model, both overall and in the absence of high-intensity, neutral valence stimuli. The Positive Activation - Negative Activation (PANA) model could be tested at high levels of activation, where it is identical to the vector model. The results replicated when ratings of arousal were used instead of ratings of intensity for the events and autobiographical memories. A reanalysis of word norms gave further support for the vector and PANA models by demonstrating that neutral valence, high-arousal ratings resulted from the averaging of individual positive and negative valence ratings. Thus, compared to a circumplex model, vector and PANA models provided overall better fits.
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