Journal
COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS
Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 55-63Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.09.006
Keywords
Kernel density function; Light-at-night; Breast cancer; GIS
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The kernel density (KD) function estimates the intensity of events across a surface by calculating the overall number of cases situated within a given search radius from a target point. To form a continuous surface from individual observations, the KD technique does not require the presence of a parameter's value in a given location (e.g., the incidence rate of a disease). This feature of KD smoothing is especially beneficial for empirical studies in which individual observations are represented by geographic coordinates only and have no other attributes, required by more commonly used smoothing techniques, such as spline and kriging. In the present study, we illustrate the use of KD technique for a study of association between the geographical distributions of breast cancer cases and exposure to artificial illumination during nighttime (light-at-night or LAN) in the city of Haifa, Israel. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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