Effects of timing and duration of gestational exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: population-based study

Background Late-gestational serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) exposure has been linked to adverse neonatal outcomes however, the impact of timing and duration of exposure is unknown. Aims To determine whether late-gestational exposure to an SRI is associated with increased risk of adverse neonatal outcome relative to early exposure. Method Population-based maternal and neonatal health records were linked to prenatal maternal prescription records for an SRI medication (n=3500). Results After controlling for maternal illness and duration of exposure, using propensity score matching, neonatal outcomes did not differ between late and early exposure (P>0.05). After controlling for maternal illness, longer prenatal exposure increased the risks of lower birth weight, respiratory distress and reduced gestational age (P<0.05). Conclusions Using population health data, length of gestational SRI exposure, rather than timing, increased the risk for neonatal respiratory distress, lower birth weight and reduced gestational age, even when controlling for maternal illness and medication dose. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing the specific impact of medication exposure from exposure to maternal illness itself.