Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 164, Issue 7, Pages 1753-1766Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01435.x
Keywords
ABCD1; ABCD2; ABCD3; peroxisome; PEX19; adrenoleukodystrophy; ABC transporters
Categories
Funding
- European Leukodystrophy Association [ELA] [2008-05111A]
- Prinses Beatrix Fonds [WAR08-20]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [91786328]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/F007299/1]
- BBSRC of the UK
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F007108/1, BB/F007299/1, BBS/E/C/00004948] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/F007108/1, BB/F007299/1, BBS/E/C/00004948] Funding Source: UKRI
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Peroxisomes are indispensable organelles in higher eukaryotes. They are essential for a number of important metabolic pathways, including fatty acid a- and beta-oxidation, and biosynthesis of etherphospholipids and bile acids. However, the peroxisomal membrane forms an impermeable barrier to these metabolites. Therefore, peroxisomes need specific transporter proteins to transfer these metabolites across their membranes. The mammalian peroxisomal membrane harbours three ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In recent years, significant progress has been made in unravelling the functions of these ABC transporters. There is ample evidence that they are involved in the transport of very long-chain fatty acids, pristanic acid, di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid, dicarboxylic acids and tetracosahexaenoic acid (C24:6?3). Surprisingly, only one disease is associated with a deficiency of a peroxisomal ABC transporter. Mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein are the cause for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, an inherited metabolic storage disorder. This review describes the current state of knowledge on the mammalian peroxisomal ABC transporters with a particular focus on their function in metabolite transport.
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