Arachidonic acid release mediated by OX1 orexin receptors

Background and purpose: We have previously shown that lipid mediators, produced by phospholipase D and C, are generated in OX1 orexin receptor signalling with high potency, and presumably mediate some of the physiological responses to orexin. In this study, we investigated whether the ubiquitous phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) signalling system is also involved in orexin receptor signalling. Experimental approach: Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, expressing human OX1 receptors, were used as a model system. Arachidonic acid (AA) release was measured from H-3-AA-labelled cells. Ca2+ signalling was assessed using single-cell imaging. Key results: Orexins strongly stimulated [H-3]-AA release (maximally 4.4-fold). Orexin-A was somewhat more potent than orexin-B (pEC(50) = 8.90 and 8.38 respectively). The concentration-response curves appeared biphasic. The release was fully inhibited by the potent cPLA(2) and iPLA(2) inhibitor, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, whereas the iPLA(2) inhibitors, R- and S-bromoenol lactone, caused only a partial inhibition. The response was also fully dependent on Ca2+ influx, and the inhibitor studies suggested involvement of the receptor-operated influx pathway. The receptor-operated pathway, on the other hand, was partially dependent on PLA(2) activity. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase, but not protein kinase C, were involved in the PLA(2) activation at low orexin concentrations. Conclusions and implications: Activation of OX1 orexin receptors induced a strong, high-potency AA release, possibly via multiple PLA(2) species, and this response may be important for the receptor-operated Ca2+ influx. The response coincided with other high-potency lipid messenger responses, and may interact with these signals. British Journal of Pharmacology (2010) 159, 212-221; doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00535.x; published online 4 December 2009