Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 111, Issue 3, Pages 516-526Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002754
Keywords
Diet diaries; Comparison food groups; Energy intake; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk
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Funding
- Medical Research Council
- Cancer Research UK [14136] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [UD99999933, G0401527, G1000143] Funding Source: researchfish
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The aim of the present study was to describe the energy, nutrient and crude v. disaggregated food intake measured using 7 d diet diaries (7dDD) for the full baseline Norfolk cohort recruited for the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) study, with emphasis on methodological issues. The first data collection took place between 1993 and 1998 in Norfolk, East Anglia (UK). Of the 30445 men and women, aged 40-79 years, registered with a general practitioner invited to participate in the study, 25639 came for a health examination and were asked to complete a 7dDD. Data from diaries with data recorded for at least 1 d were obtained for 99% members of the cohort; 10354 (89.8%) of the men and 12779 (91.5%) of the women completed the diet diaries for all 7 d. Mean energy intake (EI) was 9.44 (SD 2.22)MJ/d and 7.15 (SD 1.66)MJ/d, respectively. EI remained approximately stable across the days, but there was apparent under-reporting among the participants, especially among those with BMI >25kg/m(2). Micronutrient density was higher among women than among men. In conclusion, under-reporting is an issue, but not more so than that found in national surveys. How foods were grouped (crude or disaggregated) made a difference to the estimates obtained, and comparison of intakes showed wide limits of agreement. The choice of variables influences estimates obtained from the food group data; while this may not alter the ranking of individuals within studies, this issue may be relevant when comparing absolute food intakes between studies.
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