Journal
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 80-85Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
DOI: 10.1177/0956797609354074
Keywords
retrieval practice; episodic memory; sleep; consolidation; rehearsal
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Two experiments investigated the long-term effects of retrieval practice. In the retrieval-practice procedure, selected items from a previously studied list are repeatedly recalled. The typical retrieval-practice effects are considerably enhanced memory for practiced items accompanied by low levels of recall, relative to baseline, for previously studied items that are associated with the practiced items but were not themselves practiced. The two experiments demonstrated that the former effect persisted over 12 hr; the latter effect also persisted over 12 hr, but only if a period of nocturnal sleep occurred during the retention interval. We propose that consolidation processes occurring during sleep, and possibly featuring some form of offline rehearsal, mediate these long-term effects of retrieval practice.
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