Journal
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 11-23Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/nri2674
Keywords
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Funding
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) [A1067854-03]
- Medical Research Human Immunology Unit
- National Institute for Health Research
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [38643, 37874, 38619]
- US National Institutes of Health [RO1AI052779, U19AI067854, AI068618, AI64518]
- Medical Research Council [MC_U137884177] Funding Source: researchfish
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [UM1AI068618, U01AI068618, P30AI064518, R01AI052779, U19AI067854] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- MRC [MC_U137884177] Funding Source: UKRI
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The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies that arise following a mucosal infection are usually derived from a single transmitted virus. Moreover, the finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia. Strong innate and adaptive immune responses occur subsequently but they are too late to eliminate the infection. In this Review, we discuss recent studies on the kinetics and quality of early immune responses to HIV-1 and their implications for developing a successful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
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