Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 111, Issue 12, Pages 2220-2223Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.514
Keywords
randomised trial; vitamin supplement; liver cancer; chronic liver disease
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services
- US Public Health Service [N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, N01-RC-37004]
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Background: Recent data suggest the possible benefits of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD), but the long-term trial data are limited. Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of supplemental 50 mg day(-1) alpha-tocopherol and 20 mg day(-1) beta-carotene on incident liver cancer and CLD mortality in a randomised trial of 29 105 Finnish male smokers, who received supplementation for 5-8 years and were followed for 16 additional years for outcomes. Results: Supplemental alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, or both, relative to placebo, did not reduce the risk of liver cancer or CLD, either overall, during the intervention or during the post-intervention period. Conclusions: Long-term supplemental alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene had no effect on liver cancer or CLD mortality over 24 years of follow-up.
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