Journal
WOMENS HEALTH
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages 737-752Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.2217/WHE.10.53
Keywords
cardiovascular disease; endothelial cells; estrogen; genetic polymorphisms; Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention study; testosterone; Women's Health Initiative
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Funding
- Kronos Longevity Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health and Mayo Clinic
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men and women in the USA. However, there are differences between the sexes in age-dependent onset, severity, symptoms and outcomes. Basic research into the causes of sex-dependent differences in cardiovascular disease is ongoing and includes investigation into genetic variation in expression and distribution of receptors for the sex steroids; specificity of natural and synthetic ligands that activate the sex steroid receptors; and intracellular mechanisms that are activated by the receptors in all components of the vessel wall and blood elements, which integrate to regulate vascular tone, vascular repair and remodeling in health and disease. In this era of personalized medicine, basic research into mechanisms of sex differences in vascular function will result in improved prevention, detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease in both men and women.
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