Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 104, Issue 9, Pages 1493-1499Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.106
Keywords
Mediterranean diet; dietary patterns; cancer risk; epidemiology
Categories
Funding
- European Commission (DG-SANCO)
- International Agency for Research on Cancer
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Ligue contre le Cancer, 3M, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (France)
- Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation
- Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece)
- Italian Association for Research on Cancer
- National Research Council (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS)
- Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR)
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (The Netherlands)
- NordForsk (Norway)
- Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC [RD06/0020]
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Scientific Council
- Regional Government of Skane and Vasterbotten (Sweden)
- Cancer Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Stroke Association
- British Heart Foundation
- Department of Health
- Food Standards Agency
- Wellcome Trust (UK)
- Medical Research Council [G1000143, G0401527, MC_U106179471, G0801056B] Funding Source: researchfish
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BACKGROUND: Although several studies have investigated the association of the Mediterranean diet with overall mortality or risk of specific cancers, data on overall cancer risk are sparse. METHODS: We examined the association between adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and overall cancer risk using data from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and nutrition, a multi-centre prospective cohort study including 142 605 men and 335 873. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was examined using a score (range: 0-9) considering the combined intake of fruits and nuts, vegetables, legumes, cereals, lipids, fish, dairy products, meat products, and alcohol. Association with cancer incidence was assessed through Cox regression modelling, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: In all, 9669 incident cancers in men and 21 062 in women were identified. A lower overall cancer risk was found among individuals with greater adherence to Mediterranean diet (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98) for a two-point increment of the Mediterranean diet score. The apparent inverse association was stronger for smoking-related cancers than for cancers not known to be related to tobacco (P (heterogeneity) = 0.008). In all, 4.7% of cancers among men and 2.4% in women would be avoided in this population if study subjects had a greater adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern. CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern could reduce overall cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 1493-1499. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.106 www.bjcancer.com Published online 5 April 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research UK
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