Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 102, Issue 11, Pages 1555-1577Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605642
Keywords
animal welfare; cancer research; fundamental and translational research; replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs); pilot studies; tumour models; genetically engineered mouse models; human tumour xenografts; orthotopic models; metastatic models; therapy; imaging; pharmocokinetic, pharmacodynamic and efficacy studies; drugs; radiation therapy; imaging techniques; anaesthesia; restraint; humane endpoints; tumour burden; clinical signs; publication; best practice
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Research UK [10345, 9993, 10337] Funding Source: Medline
- Medical Research Council [G0500366] Funding Source: Medline
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research [G1000121/1] Funding Source: Medline
- Cancer Research UK [10337, 9993, 10345] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0500366] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) [G1000121/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0500366] Funding Source: UKRI
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Animal experiments remain essential to understand the fundamental mechanisms underpinning malignancy and to discover improved methods to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer. Excellent standards of animal care are fully consistent with the conduct of high quality cancer research. Here we provide updated guidelines on the welfare and use of animals in cancer research. All experiments should incorporate the 3Rs: replacement, reduction and refinement. Focusing on animal welfare, we present recommendations on all aspects of cancer research, including: study design, statistics and pilot studies; choice of tumour models (e. g., genetically engineered, orthotopic and metastatic); therapy (including drugs and radiation); imaging (covering techniques, anaesthesia and restraint); humane endpoints (including tumour burden and site); and publication of best practice.
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