Implication of replicative stress-related stem cell ageing in radiation-induced murine leukaemia

BACKGROUND: The essential aetiology of radiation-induced acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in mice is the downregulation of the transcription factor PU. 1. The causative mutation of the PU. 1-endocing Sfpi1 gene consists mostly of C: G to T: A transitions at a CpG site and is likely to be of spontaneous origin. To work out a mechanism underlying the association between radiation exposure and the AML induction, we have hypothesised that replicative stress after irradiation accelerates the ageing of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and the ageing-related decline in DNA repair could affect the spontaneous mutation rates. METHODS: Mathematical model analysis was conducted to examine whether and to what extent the cell kinetics of HSCs can be modified after irradiation. The haematopoietic differentiation process is expressed as a mathematical model and the cell-kinetics parameters were estimated by fitting the simulation result to the assay data. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that HSCs cycle vigourously for more than a few months after irradiation. The estimated number of cell divisions per surviving HSC in 3 Gy-exposed mice reached as high as ten times that of the unexposed. INTERPRETATION: The mitotic load after 3Gy irradiation seems to be heavy enough to accelerate the ageing of HSCs and the hypothesis reasonably explains the leukaemogenic process. British Journal of Cancer (2009) 101, 363-371. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605135 www.bjcancer.com Published online 9 June 2009 (C) 2009 Cancer Research UK