Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
Volume 113, Issue 6, Pages 1001-1008Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu105
Keywords
anaesthesia, general; comorbidity; deep sedation; electroencephalography; risk assessment
Categories
Funding
- Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research [CFM-08/15/2007]
- American Society of Anesthesiologists
- Winnipeg Regional Health Authority
- University of Manitoba Department of Anesthesia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health [UL1 TR000448, TL1 TR000449]
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [TL1TR000449, UL1TR000448] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Background. Low bispectral index values frequently reflect EEG suppression and have been associated with postoperative mortality. This study investigated whether intraoperative EEG suppression was an independent predictor of 90 day postoperative mortality and explored risk factors for EEG suppression. Methods. This observational study included 2662 adults enrolled in the B-Unaware or BAG-RECALL trials. A cohort was defined with >5 cumulative minutes of EEG suppression, and 1:2 propensity-matched to a non-suppressed cohort (<= 5 min suppression). We evaluated the association between EEG suppression and mortality using multivariable logistic regression, and examined risk factors for EEG suppression using zero-inflated mixed effects analysis. Results. Ninety day postoperative mortality was 3.9% overall, 6.3% in the suppressed cohort, and 3.0% in the non-suppressed cohort {odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]=2.19 (1.48-3.26)}. After matching and multivariable adjustment, EEG suppression was not associated with mortality [OR (95% CI)=0.83 (0.55-1.25)]; however, the interaction between EEG suppression and mean arterial pressure (MAP) <55 mm Hg was [OR (95% CI)=2.96 (1.34-6.52)]. Risk factors for EEG suppression were older age, number of comorbidities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and higher intraoperative doses of benzodiazepines, opioids, or volatile anaesthetics. EEG suppression was less likely in patients with cancer, preoperative alcohol, opioid or benzodiazepine consumption, and intraoperative nitrous oxide exposure. Conclusions. Although EEG suppression was associated with increasing anaesthetic administration and comorbidities, the hypothesis that intraoperative EEG suppression is a predictor of postoperative mortality was only supported if it was coincident with low MAP.
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