Journal
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 239-U46Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2008.9984
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [5 R01 HD047511, 5 R01 HD043921]
- Thrasher Research Fund
- General Clinical Research Center to the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston [RR01070]
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH &HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [R01HD047511, R01HD043921] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [M01RR001070] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Vitamin D has emerged from obscurity, and its effects on various organ systems throughout the body down to the cellular level are being discovered. What was once thought to be a simple hormone affecting only bone and calcium metabolism has shifted. We no longer see vitamin D as a vitamin important only in childhood, but as a complex hormone that is involved not only in calcium homeostasis but also in the integrity of the innate immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to inflammatory and long-latency diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, diabetes, and various cancers, to name a few. In this review, we trace how we came to view vitamin D and how that view led to one of the largest epidemics of nutrient deficiency beginning in the late 20(th) century. We then discuss the needs of vitamin D in the context of the breastfeeding mother and her infant and child, why breastfed infants are particularly at risk, and what to do about it.
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