Journal
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
Volume 214, Issue 5-6, Pages 451-463Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00429-010-0258-9
Keywords
Anxiety; Depression; Interoception; Insula; Belief; Alliesthesia
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We review the literature on interoception as it relates to depression and anxiety, with a focus on belief, and alliesthesia. The connection between increased but noisy afferent interoceptive input, self-referential and belief-based states, and top-down modulation of poorly predictive signals is integrated into a neuroanatomical and processing model for depression and anxiety. The advantage of this conceptualization is the ability to specifically examine the interface between basic interoception, self-referential belief-based states, and enhanced top-down modulation to attenuate poor predictability. We conclude that depression and anxiety are not simply interoceptive disorders but are altered interoceptive states as a consequence of noisily amplified self-referential interoceptive predictive belief states.
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