Journal
BRAIN STIMULATION
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 17-27Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2010.01.005
Keywords
major depression; neuromodulation; neuropsychology; antidepressant treatment
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Funding
- Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) at Emory program [KL2 RR024983, K23 MH077869]
- Emory College
- NARSAD
- National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH)
- National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)
- Dana Foundation
- Greenwall Foundation
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institutes of Health
- Neuronetics, Northstar, Stanley Medical Research Institute
- Woodruff Foundation
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [KL2RR024983] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [K23MH077869] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ablative neurosurgical procedures are established interventions for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but their use may be limited in part by neuropsychological adverse effects. Additional neuromodulation strategies are being developed that aim to match or exceed the efficacy of ECT/ablative surgery with a better neurocognitive side effect profile. In this review, we briefly discuss the neurocognitive effects of ECT and ablative neurosurgical procedures, then synthesize the available neurocognitive information for emerging neuromodulation therapies, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. The available evidence suggests these procedures may be more cognitively benign relative to ECT or ablative neurosurgical procedures, though further research is clearly needed to fully evaluate the neurocognitive effects, both positive and negative, of these novel neuromodulation interventions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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