Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 61, Issue 2, Pages 105-123Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.05.005
Keywords
Major depression; Glutamate; NMDA receptor; AMPA receptor; Metabotropic glutamate receptor; Sigma receptor; Oxidative stress; Inflammation
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Funding
- National Institute of Biomedical innovation of Japan
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, chronic, recurrent mental illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. To date, the monoaminergic systems (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) have received the most attention in the neurobiology of MDD, and all classes of antidepressants target these monoaminergic systems. Accumulating evidence suggests that the glutamatergic system plays an important role in the neurobiology and treatment of this disease. Some clinical studies have demonstrated that the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients with MDD. Here, the author reviews the recent findings on the role of the glutamatergic system in the neurobiology of MDD and in new potential therapeutic targets (NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, ceftriaxone, minocycline, N-acetyl-L-cysteine) for MDD. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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