Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
Volume 80, Issue 4-5, Pages 217-223Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.08.004
Keywords
Axon; Neurodegeneration; Cytoskeleton; Axonopathy; Neurofilament
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Institute of Australia Inc
- JO and JR Wicking Trust (ANZ Charitable Services)
- Tasmanian Masonic Centenary Medical Research Foundation
- University of Tasmania Institutional Research Grant Scheme
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There has been growing interest in the axon as the initial focus of pathological change in a number of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. This review concentrates on three major neurodegenerative conditions - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease - with emphasis on key cellular changes that may underlie early axonal dysfunction and pathology and, potentially, the degeneration of neurons. In particular, this review will address recent data that indicate that the main pathological stimuli for these conditions, though often not definitively determined, result in an initial perturbation of the axon and its cytoskeleton, which then results in slow neuronal degeneration and loss of connectivity. The identification of a degenerative process initiated in the axon may provide new therapeutic targets for early intervention to inhibit the grim outcomes related to the progression of these diseases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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