GOME-2 observations of oxygenated VOCs: what can we learn from the ratio glyoxal to formaldehyde on a global scale?

Collocated data sets of glyoxal (CHO center dot CHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were retrieved for the first time from measurements of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) during the first two years of operation in 2007 and 2008. Both oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds, OVOC, are key intermediate species produced during the oxidation of precursor hydrocarbons. Their short lifetime of a few hours in the lower troposphere links them to emission sources and makes them useful tracers of photochemical activity. The global composite maps of GOME-2 HCHO and CHO center dot CHO have strong similarities confirming their common atmospheric and/or surface sources. The highest column amounts of these OVOCs are recorded over regions with enhance biogenic emissions (e. g. tropical forests in South America, Africa and Indonesia). Enhanced OVOC values are also present over areas of anthropogenic activity and biomass burning (e. g. over China, N. America, Europe and Australia). The ratio of CHO center dot CHO to HCHO, R-GF, has been used, for the first time on a global scale, to classify the sources according to biogenic and/or anthropogenic emissions of the precursors; R-GF between 0.040 to 0.060 point to the existence of biogenic emissions with the highest values being observed at the highest Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI. R(GF)s below 0.040 are indicative of anthropogenic emissions and associated with high levels of NO2. This decreasing tendency of R-GF with increasing NO2 is also observed when analyzing data for individual large cities, indicating that it is a common feature. The results obtained for R-GF from GOME-2 data are compared with the findings based on regional SCIAMACHY observations showing good agreement. This is ex plained by the excellent correlation of the global retrieved column amounts of CHO center dot CHO and HCHO from the GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY instruments for the period 2007-2008.