Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 1314, Issue -, Pages 130-138Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.028
Keywords
Drug abuse; Neural circuits; Dopamine; Ventral tegmental area; Nucleus accumbens; Lateral hypothalamus
Categories
Funding
- NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA017676-04, R01 DA017676] Funding Source: Medline
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The orexins (or hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that have been implicated in a variety of behaviors ranging from feeding to sleep and arousal. Evidence from animal models suggests a role for orexins in reward processing and drug addiction. In this review, we discuss orexin's interaction with the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway and the effects of drugs of abuse on the orexin system. We further review models of drug dependence and addiction and describe behavioral alterations that are seen when the orexin system is manipulated both pharmacologically and genetically. Based on the findings reported in the literature thus far, we posit that orexin functioning contributes to both drug reward and drug-related stress/aversive responsiveness; however, diverse anatomical substrates, and perhaps receptor specificity, contribute differentially to reward and stress components. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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