Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 1287, Issue -, Pages 126-135Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.028
Keywords
Autophagy; Early brain injury; Endovascular perforation; Rat; Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Funding
- Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung Bad Homburg, Germany
- German Society of Neurosurgery
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Recent results have suggested a role for autophagy in acute brain injury but an involvement in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been investigated. Although, autophagy is a regulated process essential for cellular homeostasis, it may represent an additional type of cell death mechanism. This study employed a modified endovascular perforation rat model under guidance by intracranial pressure monitoring to investigate whether autophagy pathway is involved in the early brain injury following SAH. Sham-operated control rats underwent an identical procedure without vessel perforation. Electron microscopy was performed to examine the ultrastructural changes in neural cells after SAH. Additionally, microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3), cathepsin-D and beclin-1 were investigated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopically, there was a marked increase in autophagosomes and autolysosomes in neurons at Day 1 following SAH. Although LC3 could be detected in sham-operated control rats, the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was significantly increased at Day 1 (P<0.01) and Day 3 (P<0.05). The time-course of beclin-1 expression paralleled the LC3 conversion. Cathepsin-D expression was also elevated at Day 1 (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical study with antibodies against cathepsin-D and beclin-1 showed numerous positive stained cells after SAE, especially in deep layers of the fronto-basal cortex. Double immunolabeling revealed beclin-1 expression predominantly in neurons. This present study showed that the autophagy pathway is activated in neurons in the acute phase after SAH. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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