Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2011.00075
Keywords
predictive analysis; fMRI; high-dimensional regression; multivariate decoding; machine learning
Categories
Funding
- US Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0116]
- National Institute of Mental Health [5R24 MH072697]
- National Institute of Drug Abuse [5F31 DA024534-02]
- Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics (NIH Roadmap for Medical Research) [UL1DE019580, RL1DA024853, PL1MH08327]
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The application of statistical machine learning techniques to neuroimaging data has allowed researchers to decode the cognitive and disease states of participants. The majority of studies using these techniques have focused on pattern classification to decode the type of object a participant is viewing, the type of cognitive task a participant is completing, or the disease state of a participant's brain. However, an emerging body of literature is extending these classification studies to the decoding of values of continuous variables (such as age, cognitive characteristics, or neuropsychological state) using high-dimensional regression methods. This review details the methods used in such analyses and describes recent results. We provide specific examples of studies which have used this approach to answer novel questions about age and cognitive and disease states. We conclude that while there is still much to learn about these methods, they provide useful information about the relationship between neural activity and age, cognitive state, and disease state, which could not have been obtained using traditional univariate analytical methods.
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