Journal
BRAIN
Volume 132, Issue -, Pages 288-295Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn109
Keywords
neuroinflammation; microglia; neurodegeneration; regeneration; phagocytosis; multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer disease
Categories
Funding
- Hertie Foundation
- Rose Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,
- BMBF
- European Union [LSHM-CT-2005-018637]
- UK MS Society
- National MS Society,
- Wellcome Trust.
- Wings for Life and the Medical University Vienna.
- MRC [G0300723, G0800784] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0800784B, G0800784, G0300723] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [CL-2008-14-005] Funding Source: researchfish
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Microglia are cells of myeloid origin that populate the CNS during early development and form the brains innate immune cell type. They perform homoeostatic activity in the normal CNS, a function associated with high motility of their ramified processes and their constant phagocytic clearance of cell debris. This debris clearance role is amplified in CNS injury, where there is frank loss of tissue and recruitment of microglia to the injured area. Recent evidence suggests that this phagocytic clearance following injury is more than simply tidying up, but instead plays a fundamental role in facilitating the reorganization of neuronal circuits and triggering repair. Insufficient clearance by microglia, prevalent in several neurodegenerative diseases and declining with ageing, is associated with an inadequate regenerative response. Thus, understanding the mechanism and functional significance of microglial-mediated clearance of tissue debris following injury may open up exciting new therapeutic avenues.
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