Journal
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
Volume 141, Issue 2, Pages 245-271Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-011-9637-x
Keywords
Bolund; Blind comparison; Complex terrain; Computational fluid dynamics; Microscale; Validation
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Funding
- Danish Energy Agency [ENS-33033-0062]
- Center for Computational Wind Turbine Aerodynamics and Atmospheric Turbulence (under the Danish Council for Strategic Research) [09-067216]
- Vestas Technology RD
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Bolund measurements were used for a blind comparison of microscale flow models. Fifty-seven models ranging from numerical to physical were used, including large-eddy simulation (LES) models, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models, and linearized models, in addition to wind-tunnel and water-channel experiments. Many assumptions of linearized models were violated when simulating the flow around Bolund. As expected, these models showed large errors. Expectations were higher for LES models. However, of the submitted LES results, all had difficulties in applying the specified boundary conditions and all had large speed-up errors. In contrast, the physical models both managed to apply undisturbed 'free wind' boundary conditions and achieve good speed-up results. The most successful models were RANS with two-equation closures. These models gave the lowest errors with respect to speed-up and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) prediction.
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