Reciprocal cross-talk between Prostaglandin E2 and bone in prostate cancer: a current review

In this review we analyzed the role of PGE2 as a possible regulator of bone metabolism and bone metastases in prostate cancer. Published studies were identified by searching computerized bibliographic systems from January 1st, 2000 to July 1st, 2011. PGE2 represents a key factor in the modulation of bone metabolism and bone metastatic disease in prostate cancer interacting with bone regulatory signals including the RANK/RANKL/OPG system and Wnt pathways. A high concentration of PGE2 exerts a prevalent stimulatory effect on osteoclastogenesis via OPG/RANK/RANKL axis activation and a inhibitory effect on osteoblastogenesis trough inhibition of Wnt pathway. An inversely low level of PGE2 exerts a stimulatory effect on osteoblastogenesis via activation of the Wnt pathway. Our finding suggests that PGE2 acts as a regulator in maintaining normal bone mass and indicate a mechanism whereby chemical manipulation of PGE2 levels or signaling may be therapeutically beneficial for prostate cancer treatment.