Journal
TRANSCRIPTION-AUSTIN
Volume 2, Issue 5, Pages 226-230Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/trns.2.5.17712
Keywords
enhancer; transcription factor; genomics; epigenetics; transcription regulation; cis-regulatory elements; cell type-specificity
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Funding
- National Institute of Health (NHGRI)
- National Institute of Health (NIEHS)
- National Institute of Health (NIDDK)
- National Institute of Health (NHLBI)
- American Heart Association fellowship
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL106089] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK065073] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Enhancers play a critical role in regulating tissue-specific gene expression, but their molecular mechanisms of function have not been fully characterized. It is now increasingly clear that enhancers associate with specific protein factors and chromatin modifications and also produce non-coding RNAs known as eRNAs. These predictive signatures have facilitated genomic identification of enhancers and helped characterize tissue-specific gene expression mechanisms. Herein we review recent studies investigating enhancers in mammalian cells, and propose that enhancers function as a central platform integrating lineage-specific transcription factors and epigenetic states with ubiquitous yet signal-dependent transcriptional inputs, culminating in highly specific gene expression programs.
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