Journal
BONE
Volume 55, Issue 1, Pages 241-247Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.02.002
Keywords
Mouse model; Critical size defect; Scaffold; Autograft; Allograft; Bone healing
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Funding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Indiana University School of Medicine
- Indiana-Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, NIH [NCRR RR025760, RR025761]
- NIH/NIAMS [R01 AR060863]
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Current and future advances in orthopedic treatment are aimed at altering biological interactions to enhance bone healing. Currently, several clinical scenarios exist for which there is no definitive treatment, specifically segmental bone loss from high-energy trauma or surgical resection and it is here that many are aiming to find effective solutions. To test experimental interventions and better understand bone healing, researchers employ critical size defect (CSD) models in animal studies. Here, an overview of CSDs is given that includes the specifications of varying models, a discussion of current scaffold and bone graft designs, and current outcome measures used to determine the extent of bone healing. Many promising graft designs have been discovered along with promising adjunctive treatments, yet a graft that offers biomechanical support while allowing for neovascularization with eventual complete resorption and remodeling remains to be developed. An overview of this important topic is needed to highlight current advances and provide a clear understanding of the ultimate goal in CSD research - develop a graft for clinical use that effectively treats the orthopedic conundrum of segmental bone loss. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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